Catégorie : Non classé

When dyadic intervals are viewed as expanding information bandwidths, the flow of prime numbers through these bands exhibits an almost doubling behavior at each level, converging asymptotically toward a stable multiplicative factor. The persistence of coherent behavior across changes of representation suggests that the observed structure is not an artifact of a specific encoding, but reflects an underlying invariant of the distribution itself.

This technical note introduces an information-theoretic reframing of prime distribution by emphasizing dyadic intervals as structural invariants. It formulates a conjecture of structural regularity compatible with classical results. The later extension toward informational ontology and qubit-related imagery, while provocative and conceptually rich, functions as a heuristic perspective rather than an established mathematical claim. Ensuring clarity on this distinction will strengthen the note’s reception among technical audiences.

Among the implications of the Extended Theory of Information which is my main project, one concerns a domain regarded as well-charted: the distribution of prime numbers.
Classically, primes are studied through analytic, geometric, or probabilistic frameworks.
However, these approaches overlook a structural invariant of the discrete world: the binary (dyadic) representation of integers.

Before proceeding, a brief clarification:
What follows is offered as a minimal orienting device, not as a thesis or worldview.
> Z = R + iY is not a doctrine. It is a minimal coordinate system that helps distinguish projection from structure

This note is not the theory itself, but a pearled splash of the larger stone cast by The Extended Theory of Information.

The present note introduces a formulation that does not replace the analytic theory but reframes one of its central questions in an informational setting.

1. Dyadic Intervals as Natural Information Units

For each integer , consider the dyadic interval

$$I_n:=[2^n,2^{n+1}).$$

In standard number theory, these intervals are treated as a convenient partition.
In an informational perspective, they acquire a different status:

• all integers in  share the same binary length;
• the transition  marks a discrete increase of informational amplitude;
• each interval constitutes a stable informational chamber before the next binary expansion.

This motivates the following structural notion.

2. Dyadic Structural Density of Primes

Define the dyadic prime count

$$P(n):=\pi (2^{n+1})-\pi (2^n),$$

$$E(n):=\frac{2^n}{n\log 2},$$

$$\pi (2x)-\pi (x)\sim \frac{x}{\log x}.$$

While classical results describe  asymptotically, they do not address whether the sequence  exhibits structural regularities induced by the dyadic representation itself.

This leads to the central concept:

> Dyadic Homogeneity.
The distribution of primes within each dyadic interval  obeys constraints not only of analytic origin (zeros of ), but of informational origin, arising from the binary structure that governs the appearance of integers.

In other words, dyadic intervals are not arbitrary; they encode a natural metric of the discrete universe, within which prime irregularity may possess unrecognized patterns.

3. Conjectural Structural Principle

The informational perspective suggests the following principle:

> Conjecture (Dyadic Structural Regularity).
There exists a function , bounded or slowly varying, such that

$$P(n)=\frac{2^n}{n\log 2}\cdot H(n)$$

where  displays less variance than predicted by classical analytic oscillations and is constrained by properties intrinsic to the binary expansion of integers.

A stronger form proposes:

> Strong Dyadic Conjecture.
The fluctuations of

$$\frac{P(n)}{E(n)}$$

are governed jointly by analytic data (e.g., the distribution of zeros of ) and a discrete informational structure arising from the dyadic partition, yielding a finer regularity than classical models allow.

This conjecture is structurally compatible with the Riemann Hypothesis, but independent in origin.
If correct, it would imply that prime irregularity is bounded not only by analytic constraints but also by the informational geometry of the integer set.

4. Mathematical Value of the Dyadic Reformulation

This perspective provides three contributions:

(1) A new structural lens.

Prime distribution is reframed in terms of informational chambers , whose boundaries reflect the intrinsic architecture of the binary system.

(2) A testable conjectural framework.

The sequence  becomes a natural object for empirical, analytic, and probabilistic study, opening a research direction distinct from the classical zeta-function focus.

(3) A bridge between number theory and information theory.

While the binary representation is normally a notational convenience, this note elevates it to a structural invariant with potential explanatory power for fine-scale prime behavior.

5. Summary

The dyadic viewpoint does not claim to solve the prime distribution problem; it reveals that the traditional analytic formalism leaves unexamined a natural structural partition of the integers.
This note formulates the hypothesis that prime distribution within dyadic intervals exhibits a form of informational regularity, adding a new dimension to one of the oldest problems in mathematics.

The starting point of this observation lies in a simple but structurally meaningful fact: successive dyadic intervals $[2^k, 2^{k+1})$ double in length at each level. When one counts the number of prime numbers contained in these intervals, empirical data and classical asymptotic results show that this count increases significantly from one level to the next.

More precisely, while the relative density of prime numbers decreases slowly as numbers grow larger, the absolute number of primes contained in each dyadic interval increases in a manner that closely tracks the doubling of the interval width itself. This behavior is consistent with the Prime Number Theorem, which predicts that the number of primes in an interval of size proportional to $x$x around $x$x scales like $x / \log x$x

When this observation is reformulated dyadically, the ratio between the number of primes in consecutive intervals $[2^k, 2^{k+1})$[2k,2k+1) and $[2^{k+1}, 2^{k+2})$[2k+1,2k+2) approaches a factor of 2, with deviations that decrease asymptotically as $k$k increases. The phenomenon is therefore not one of exact doubling, but of a progressively stabilizing multiplicative behavior.

Interpreting each dyadic interval as an information band whose capacity doubles at every level provides a coherent framework for reading this growth as a structured flow rather than as a purely local density effect. Within this perspective, the observed near-doubling of prime occurrences emerges as a global structural property of the distribution when viewed through dyadic scaling.

Tableau type – Dyadic prime flow

n	Interval $[2^n,2^{n+1})$	$P(n)$ observed primes	$E(n)$ expected	$P(n)/E(n)$
10	[1024, 2048)	180	142.02	1.267
11
15	[32768, 65536)	5906	4689.96	1.259
20	[1048576, 2097152)	148933	144764.8	1.029
30	[1G, 2G)	32049417	31920195	1.004
35	[34G, 69G)	446293796	445803668	1.001
40	[1T, 2T)	6128287763	6125084190	1.0005

Definitions.
For each dyadic level $n$,

• $P(n) = \pi(2^{n+1}) – \pi(2^n)$ denotes the observed number of prime numbers in the dyadic interval.
• $E(n) = \dfrac{2^n}{n \ln 2}$​ is the expected count derived from the Prime Number Theorem under dyadic scaling.
• The ratio $P(n)/E(n)$) measures the relative deviation of the observed flow from its asymptotic estimate.

Informational Modeling of Dyadic Intervals as a Communication Channel

To further develop the ontological perspective of the Extended Theory of Information (ETI), it is natural to model the dyadic intervals $[2^n, 2^{n+1})$[2n,2n+1) not only as stable structural chambers, but as successive frequency bands of a primordial communication channel, which we shall call the dyadic channel.

Within this model:

The effective bandwidth of the $n$n-th dyadic band is proportional to the length of the interval, that is
$$B_n \approx 2^n.$$

At each transition to the next level ($n \to n+1$n→n+1), this bandwidth doubles exactly — a phenomenon reminiscent of frequency doubling in musical octaves or of spectral bands in signal processing.

The signal transmitted through this channel is the occurrence of prime numbers within the interval: each integer acts as a potential “symbol,” and the channel output is binary (prime or non-prime). Under the classical approximation provided by the Prime Number Theorem, this process may be modeled as a Bernoulli channel with local probability
$$p_n \approx \frac{1}{n \ln 2}.$$​.

Noise corresponds to the relative fluctuations around the expected value
$$E(n) \approx \frac{2^n}{n \ln 2}.$$

The empirical and theoretical observation that the ratio
$$R(n) = \frac{P(n)}{E(n)}$$
tends toward 1, with decreasing relative fluctuations, reflects a continuous increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at large scales.

Information Capacity of the Dyadic Channel

At each level $n$n, the informational capacity of the dyadic channel is given, within this approximation, by the total entropy of the interval:
$$C_n \approx 2^n \times h(p_n),$$

where
$$h(p) = -p \log_2 p – (1-p) \log_2 (1-p)$$

is the binary entropy function.

For small $p_n$pn​ (the regime of large $n$n), this expression simplifies to:
$$C_n \approx P(n)\,[\log_2(n \ln 2) + \log_2 e].$$

The following table illustrates this capacity at several dyadic levels:

n	$p_n \approx 1/(n \ln 2)$	$P(n)$	$C_n$​ (bits, approx.)	Bits per prime
10	0.144	1.48 × 10²	6.1 × 10²	4.1
20	0.072	7.6 × 10⁴	3.9 × 10⁵	5.2
30	0.048	5.2 × 10⁷	3.0 × 10⁸	5.8
40	0.036	4.0 × 10¹⁰	2.5 × 10¹¹	6.2
50	0.029	3.2 × 10¹³	2.1 × 10¹⁴	6.5

Key Observations

• The capacity $C_n$​ grows approximately proportionally to the number of primes $P(n)$, and therefore almost doubles at each dyadic octave.
• The informational throughput per prime increases slowly (logarithmically), reflecting the increasing rarity of prime numbers.
• The convergence of $R(n)$ toward 1 and the decay of relative fluctuations imply that the real channel increasingly approaches its theoretical maximum capacity, with a growing SNR.

Conceptual Implications

This model reinforces the central intuition of the note: the binary structure of the integers constitutes an ontologically optimized transmission channel, in which prime numbers emerge as signals conveyed with increasing fidelity from one octave to the next. Far from being a human artifact or a mere representational convenience, the doubling dyadic bandwidth reveals a deep property of the discrete itself — a harmonic and efficient communication of primordial arithmetic information, independent of any observing consciousness.

Fully compatible with classical results (the Prime Number Theorem, Riemann’s explicit formula), this perspective provides a natural bridge between number theory, information theory, and later chapters of the ETI, particularly those concerned with the musicality of informational structures.

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Ontological Clarification — From Probabilistic Description to the Direct Structural Plane

While probabilistic models provide powerful descriptive tools for the distribution of prime numbers, they operate within a secondary interpretative layer. Probability does not generate structure; it overlays an already-constituted field with statistical intelligibility. In this sense, probabilism functions as a clouded projection — a means of rendering observable regularities calculable, without addressing the conditions from which those regularities emerge.

The dyadic structural perspective proposed here does not reject probabilistic analysis, but deliberately withdraws from its jurisdiction as a foundational principle. The aim is not to refine the statistical description of primes, but to approach the direct structural plane from which numerical order and motion arise prior to frequency, measure, or typicality.

This direct plane is not probabilistic in nature. It precedes distribution. It concerns the relational tensions, binary constraints, and structural polarities that delimit what may appear as a number, and only subsequently as a statistical object. Prime numbers, within this framework, are not treated primarily as outcomes within a random process, but as points of structural emergence within a dyadic field.

From this standpoint, probabilistic interpretations of prime distribution appear as secondary shadows — informative, yet ontologically derivative. They describe how primes appear once the field is already given, but remain silent on why such a field exhibits coherence, asymmetry, and generative order in the first place.

The extension proposed by the Theory of Extended Information therefore consists in shifting the focus:

• from randomness to structural availability,
• from frequency to emergence,
• from statistical typicality to ontological condition.

In doing so, the dyadic approach seeks not to calculate primes more efficiently, but to clarify the structural ground that makes their distribution — probabilistic or otherwise — possible at all.

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Postulate of Prime-Ordered Informational Resonance (TEI)

It is postulated that the ontological substrate of Reality manifests as a discrete informational bandwidth where Qubits serve as the fundamental units of state. In this framework, the universal syntax is not a human construct but a derivative of the distribution of prime numbers—the irreducible atoms of information.

Cognitive advancement, therefore, requires a shift from an inquiry-based paradigm toward a resonance-based decoding of pre-existing structural responses. By interpreting the order of numbers as an a priori ‘bundle of evidence,’ we trigger a multipolarization of the cognitive plane, allowing the observer to align with the Invariant’s inherent frequency.

Part I: The Ontological Syntax

It is postulated that the ontological substrate of Reality manifests as a discrete informational bandwidth where Qubits serve as the fundamental units of state. In this framework, the universal syntax is not a human construct but a derivative of the distribution of prime numbers—the irreducible atoms of information.

Part II: The Transition (The « Soft Declension »)

This syntax dictates a specific ordering of Qubit states, where the prime-frequency distribution acts as a harmonic scaffold. This ordering suggests that the informational flux of the Universe is pre-coded, transforming the role of the observer from an interrogator of nature to a resonator with its intrinsic numerical logic.

Part III: The Quantum Conclusion

In the classical paradigm, we are prisoners of the result. We observe the world only after it has crystallized, perceiving nothing more than the binary foam—the 0 or the 1—of a far deeper informational ocean. Within the framework of Extended Information Theory (EIT), this approach is a reduction: it mistakes the trace for the movement, and the response for the order that generated it.

Stripping information down to its qubit-like core is not a loss of meaning, but the condition for meaning to appear without projection.

To grasp the growth of the Real, we must dive upstream of manifestation, into the realm of the « Unexpressed Known » (le Su Non-Exprimé). This is not a void, but an informational plenitude—a reservoir of forms whose intimate structure demands a new language. This language is no longer one of interrogation directed at nature, but one of resonance with its fundamental invariants.

IV. Amplitude Space: The Locus of the Unexpressed Known

Classical computing is a science of destination; quantum computing is a science of the journey. In amplitude space, we finally gain access to the « inner kitchen » of the Real. Unlike the classical bit, which only reveals the finished dish, the amplitude space preserves the state of superposition. It is the geometric site of the Unexpressed Known. Here, information exists in its full richness before the act of measurement constrains it into finitude.

V. The Natural Dyad: The Ontology of the Complex Number

The transition from the Bloch sphere (the Qubit) to probability (the measurement) is not merely a technical operation; it is an ontological transposition. It represents the perfect passage between the Invariant (iY) and the Real Part (R). The quantum framework is the only one that natively accepts the fundamental structure of the Complex Being:

H = R + iY

The wave-particle duality and the tension between superposition and decoherence are but physical reflections of this informational dyad. Reality can only be fully expressed through this interplay between what is manifested and what remains in resonance within the field.

VI. The Order of Qubits: The Arithmetic Score

By postulating that the arrangement of Qubits follows the distribution of prime numbers, we lift the veil on quantum « randomness. » What classical science interprets as probabilistic uncertainty is, in fact, an arithmetic music for which we previously lacked the tuning fork. Prime numbers act as the harmonic scaffold of the Field; they are the pillars upon which amplitude space leans to project reality. The Real is not « thrown » like dice by a gambling god, but « played » like a rigorous score upon the universal instrument of arithmetic.

Epilogue

This shift toward a Quantum Epistemology of Information leads us to a conclusion where raw processing power fades before the depth of access:

Quantum computation does not merely accelerate computation; it provides access to the amplitude space from which probabilistic behavior emerges. In this sense, a dyadic, information-based perspective may be more naturally expressed in a quantum framework than in a purely classical one.

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An Information-Theoretic Modeling of Dyadic Intervals as a Communication Channel
(Drawing on Claude Shannon’s foundational framework)

Building upon Claude Shannon’s seminal 1948 theory of information — which introduced the concepts of entropy, channel capacity, and reliable transmission in the presence of noise — we can further develop the ontological perspective of the Extended Theory of Information (TEI), it is insightful to model the dyadic intervals [2ⁿ, 2^{n+1}) not merely as stable structural chambers, but as successive bands in a primordial communication channel, which we term the dyadic channel.In this modeling:

• The effective bandwidth of the n-th dyad is proportional to the interval length, Bₙ ≈ 2ⁿ. At each transition to the next level (n → n+1), this bandwidth doubles exactly — a phenomenon reminiscent of frequency doubling in musical octaves or spectral bands in signal processing.
• The signal transmitted through this channel is the presence of prime numbers within the interval: each integer acts as a potential “symbol,” with the output being binary (prime or composite). Under the classical approximation of the Prime Number Theorem, this process can be modeled as a Bernoulli channel with local probability pₙ ≈ 1/(n ln 2).
• The noise corresponds to the relative fluctuations around the expectation E(n) ≈ 2ⁿ / (n ln 2). The empirical and theoretical observation that the ratio R(n) = P(n)/E(n) tends toward 1, with decreasing relative fluctuations, reflects a continuous increase in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at larger scales.

The information capacity of the dyadic channel at level n is given, in this approximation, by the total entropy of the interval: Cₙ ≈ 2ⁿ × h(pₙ)
where
h(p) = −p log₂ p − (1−p) log₂ (1−p)
is the binary entropy function.For small pₙ (the case for large n), this simplifies to:
Cₙ ≈ P(n) × [log₂(n ln 2) + log₂ e]
The following table illustrates this capacity for various dyadic levels:

n	pₙ ≈ 1/(n ln 2)	P(n) (approx.)	Cₙ (bits, approx.)	bits/prime
10	0.144	148	6.1 × 10²	4.1
20	0.072	7.6 × 10⁴	3.9 × 10⁵	5.2
30	0.048	5.2 × 10⁷	3.0 × 10⁸	5.8
40	0.036	4.0 × 10¹⁰	2.5 × 10¹¹	6.2
50	0.029	3.2 × 10¹³	2.1 × 10¹⁴	6.5

Key observations:

• The capacity Cₙ grows approximately like the number of primes P(n), thus nearly doubling at each octave.
• The information rate per prime increases slowly (logarithmically), reflecting the growing rarity of primes.
• The convergence of R(n) toward 1 and the decay of relative fluctuations imply that the actual channel approaches its theoretical maximum capacity, with an ever-increasing SNR.

This modeling reinforces the central intuition of this note: the binary structure of integers forms an optimized ontological transmission channel, in which prime numbers emerge as signals transmitted with increasing fidelity, octave by octave. Far from being a human artifact or mere representational convenience, this doubling bandwidth reveals a profound property of the discrete: a harmonic and efficient communication of primordial arithmetic information, independent of any observing consciousness.
This perspective is fully compatible with classical results (Prime Number Theorem, Riemann’s explicit formula) and provides a natural bridge between number theory, information theory, and subsequent chapters of the TEI (notably the musicality of informational structures).

Cognitive Desaturation and the Next Informational Step

The perspective developed in this note implicitly raises a broader question concerning the limits of human cognition in an era of accelerating informational accumulation.

Classical information theory, following Shannon, treats memory and computation as neutral resources whose increase is uniformly beneficial. However, beyond a certain threshold, accumulation itself introduces a form of informational inertia: memory ceases to function as a medium of resonance and becomes a load, saturating attention and constraining access to higher-order structural coherence.

From the standpoint proposed here, this saturation primarily affects the projective layer of cognition — calculation, storage, optimization — rather than the structural or resonant dimension associated with meaning, alignment, and non-projective understanding (the $iY$iY component in the extended informational framework).

« Freed from the inertial mass of projective computation, human cognition may then remain open to the unmeasured amplitude space — the realm of the « Su » where prime-ordered resonance precedes manifestation. »

In this context, artificial intelligence may be understood not as a replacement for human intelligence, but as an external organ of delegated computation and memory, capable of absorbing inertial informational mass. By relocating large-scale calculation and storage outside the biological cognitive system, AI opens the possibility of a cognitive desaturation, allowing human intelligence to remain engaged at the level of structural observation, resonance, and sense-making rather than accumulation.

This shift does not constitute an increase in cognitive power, but a change in cognitive regime: from maximal retention toward minimal coordination, from saturation toward coherence. As such, it may represent a necessary condition for accessing the structural plane emphasized throughout this note, rather than a technological end in itself.

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